Male pattern baldness — medically known as androgenetic alopecia — is the most common cause of hair loss in men, affecting approximately 50% of men over 50 and a significant proportion of men in their 20s and 30s. Understanding the condition is the first step toward managing it effectively.
What Causes Male Pattern Baldness?
The condition is driven by a combination of genetic predisposition and the hormone dihydrotestosterone (DHT). DHT is derived from testosterone via the enzyme 5-alpha reductase. In men who are genetically sensitive, DHT binds to receptors in hair follicles on the top of the scalp, causing them to shrink — a process called miniaturisation — until they stop producing visible hair altogether.
Progression Stages
Male pattern baldness follows the Norwood-Hamilton scale, ranging from Stage 1 (no significant loss) through Stage 7 (near-complete baldness except a horseshoe fringe at the sides and back). The rate of progression varies greatly between individuals — some men progress slowly over decades, others lose significant hair within a few years of onset.
Non-Surgical Treatment Options
- Finasteride 1mg daily: Reduces DHT by ~70%; halts loss in 85%+ of patients; some regrowth in ~65%. Prescription only.
- Minoxidil (topical or oral): Increases blood flow to follicles; extends growth phase. Available OTC. Most effective in the crown and mid-scalp.
- Low-level laser therapy (LLLT): Limited evidence but used as an adjunct by some patients.
- Nutritional optimisation: Addressing deficiencies in iron, vitamin D, zinc, and biotin supports hair health but does not reverse pattern baldness.
Surgical Treatment
When medical treatment is insufficient, or loss is already established, FUE hair transplantation provides a permanent, natural-looking solution. Transplanted hair from the DHT-resistant donor zone grows permanently in its new location.
When to Act
Earlier intervention generally produces better long-term outcomes. Starting medical treatment at the first signs of loss preserves hair that is difficult to restore later. A consultation with a hair restoration specialist provides an accurate assessment and a personalised treatment plan.
Book a free hair loss assessment with Dr Anzal Qurbain →
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