Infection after a hair transplant is uncommon when the procedure is performed in a properly regulated facility with appropriate sterile technique, but it is a risk that every patient should understand and know how to recognise.
The risk period for infection is primarily the first two weeks, during which the scalp has open wound sites at the graft points that represent potential entry routes for bacteria. Proper wound care during this period — gentle washing with the prescribed shampoo, keeping the scalp clean, and avoiding dirty environments — significantly reduces this risk.
Signs of infection include: increasing redness beyond the expected post-operative pinkness, localised warmth and swelling, pus or unusual discharge from graft sites, fever, and pain that is worsening rather than improving as the days progress. Any of these signs should prompt immediate contact with your clinic.
Risk factors for infection include: active skin conditions on the scalp, diabetes or other immunocompromising conditions, smoking, poor compliance with post-operative washing instructions, and exposure to dusty or contaminated environments too soon after surgery. Patients in these categories should discuss specific precautions with their surgeon before the procedure.
Most patients are given a short course of prophylactic antibiotics after their procedure. These should be taken as directed — completing the full course even if you feel well. Do not share antibiotics or use leftover antibiotics from a previous prescription.
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